Jada Bascom Foundation
The disease library

What is treated with a transplant

Every condition here can be treated, in at least some people, with a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant. For each one: what it is, what causes it, what it does to a person, how it is treated, and what people go through.

Each page also says plainly what part a donor actually plays — including the conditions where the answer is none, because the transplant uses the person’s own cells. That is true far more often than most people expect, and we would rather say so than let you assume otherwise.

94 conditions

Told one of these? It covers more than one condition

These are names people are given that doctors treat as several different diseases — and the answer about whether a donor is needed is not the same for all of them.

Leukemias

Cancers that begin in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow, crowding out the healthy blood a body needs.

Lymphomas

Cancers of the lymphatic system — the network of vessels and nodes that carries immune cells around the body.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms

The marrow is busy, but the blood cells it makes do not work properly and too few of them survive.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

The marrow makes too many of one kind of blood cell, and over years that can scar the marrow itself.

Plasma cell disorders

Conditions of the antibody-making cells in the marrow. Most transplants here use the person’s own cells.

Bone marrow failure

The marrow stops making enough blood. Some of these are inherited and some are acquired, and the difference changes everything.

Inherited red blood cell disorders

Conditions carried in the genes that change how red blood cells are shaped or how long they last.

Inherited immune disorders

Children born with part of the immune system missing or not working. Each has its own gene and its own path.

Inherited metabolic disorders

A missing enzyme lets a substance build up in the body. A transplant can supply cells that make what is missing.

Histiocytic disorders

Conditions of the immune cells that normally clear away debris and infection, when too many are made or they behave wrongly.

Autoimmune conditions

The immune system attacks the body it belongs to. A transplant is a rare, last-resort option in a few severe forms.

Diseases Treated With a Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplant | Jada Bascom Foundation